Leaf-miner: Whitish blotches in the leaves (UKMoths).
The
mine begins as a short zigzagging corridor, that very soon becomes
overrun by a large, perfectly transparent blotch. Frass in a big
black central lump. In fresh mines something like primary feeding
lines are recognisable, normally seen only in Diptera mines. Pupation
external, exit a rather untidy hole (Bladmineerders van Europa).
A
large, whitish blotch sometimes occupying most or all of the leaf.
The frass is mostly ejected from the mine. (British
leafminers).
The
mine is also illustrated in British
leafminers.
Larva: The larvae of moths have a head capsule and chewing mouthparts with opposable mandibles (see video of a gracillarid larva feeding), six thoracic legs and abdominal legs (see examples).
The larva has a pale head and blackish brown prothoracic plate (British
leafminers). The larva is illustrated in UKMoths
and Bladmineerders van Europa.
Pupa: The pupae of moths have visible head appendages, wings and legs which lie in sheaths (see examples).
On the ground in detritus (British
leafminers).
Adult:
The adult is illustrated in UKMoths.
The species is included in mothdissection.co.uk.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - larvae: July, August - September (British
leafminers).
Time
of year - adults: A bivoltine species, with adults on the wing
in May and June, then again in August (UKMoths).
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widely distributed throughout
the British Isles common in some places. (UKMoths)
including Anglesey, Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire,
Cumberland, Denbighshire, Dorset, Dunbartonshire, Durham, East Cornwall, East Ross, East Suffolk, Flintshire, Haddington, Herefordshire,
Herfordshire, Isle of Wight, Kincardineshire, Kirkudbrightshire, Linlithgow, Merionethshire, Middlesex, North Aberdeenshire, North Hampshire, North Northumberland, North Somerset, Shropshire, South Aberdeenshire, South-east Yorkshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Warwickshire, West Cornwall, West Kent, West Norfolk, West Suffolk and Wigtownshire (NBN
Atlas).
See also British
leafminers distribution map.
Its
favoured habitat is waste ground and similar areas where the foodplants
are found, tending to inhabit more sheltered locations (UKMoths).
Also
recorded from the Republic of Ireland. See also Ireland's National Biodiversity Data Centre Map).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Albania,
Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Corsica, Czech
Republic, Danish mainland, Estonia, Finland, French mainland, Germany,
Greek mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia,
Norwegian mainland, Poland, Portuguese mainland, Romania, Russia
Central, East, North, Northwest and South, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovakia,
Slovenia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland, The Netherlands,
Ukraine and Yugoslavia (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Amaranthus
blitum, Amaranthus
caudatus, Atriplex
calotheca, Atriplex
hastata, Atriplex
hortensis, Atriplex
littoralis, Atriplex
patula, Atriplex
prostrata, Atriplex
sibirica, Bassia
scoparia, Chenopodium
album, Chenopodium
bonus-henricus, Chenopodium
giganteum, Chenopodium
glaucum, Chenopodium
hybridum, Chenopodium
murale, Chenopodium
opulifolium, Chenopodium
polyspermum, Chenopodium
quinoa, Chenopodium
urbicum, Chenopodium
vulvaria |
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
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