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(Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera)
by
Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds
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ASPERULA.
Squinancywort and Woodruffs. [Rubiaceae]
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Three
species of Asperula are recorded in Britain. These include
the native Squinancywort (A. cynanchica) and introduced Woodruffs.
Three British miners are recorded on Asperula.
A key to the European miners recorded on
Asperula is provided in Bladmineerders van Europa.
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Squinancywort
Asperula cynanchica
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Key for the identification of the known mines of British
insects (Diptera and non-Diptera) recorded on Asperula
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1a > Stem-miner: A
narrow, whitish external stem mine. Pupation external (Spencer,
1976: 312). |
On Galium in Britain and Galium and Asperula elsewhere. Widespread in Britain and much of Europe.
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Aulagromyza
buhri (de Meijere, 1938) [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1b > Stem-miner: An
inconspicuous external stem mine, frass in widely-spaced grains.
Pupation in the mine (Spencer, 1972b: 27).
The
mine begins as a corridor in a leaf, descends from there as a rind
mine; there also the pupation. |
On Galium in Britain, but not yet on Asperula, and Galium and Asperula elsewhere. Uncommon in Britain - Suffolk and Surrey.
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Ophiomyia
galii Hering, 1937 [Diptera: Agromyzidae]. |
1c > Leaf-miner: In the first instar the larva mines the leaves, forming short,
irregular, blotch-like mines, but in later instars it lives externally,
feeding in spun leaves and often twisting those of tender shoots. Larval head light-brown or yellowish brown, edged with black postero-laterally,
ocellar area blackish; prothoracic plate black edged with whitish
anteriorly; abdomen dull dark green; pinacula distinct, black,
sometimes brownish but with black bases to setae; anal plate large,
black (Bradley et al., 1973).
Small,
full depth mine without a definite shape; little frass. Some silk
is deposited in the mine. The larva soon leaves the mine and continues
feeding among spun leaves. |
Polyphagous. On numerous genera and species of plant families, but not yet
on Asperula, in Britain. On numerous genera
and species of plant families including Asperula elsewhere.
Widespread in Britain and continental Europe. Also recorded from
the Channel Is.
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Cnephasia
incertana (Treitschke, 1835) [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae]. |
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