Leaf-miner: The
mine begins as an elongated blotch overlying a strong vein; from
there broad tunnels radiate that coalesce in the end. All frass
is concentrated at a central point in the floor of the mine. As
a result the mine has a brownish-black centre and a paler brownish
green seam. The larva often (perhaps always at daylight) rests in
the centre of the mine. Primary and secondary feeding lines as a
rule quite clear. Pupation outside the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).
An elongated blotch centred over a vein. There are two types: greenish with a blackish centre and entirely reddish-black (British
leafminers).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
The larva is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa and British
leafminers.
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Yellow; anterior spiracle openings arranged in large arcs, not elevated
on a fan-shaped structure; posterior spiracles each with a central
opening larger and more raised than the lateral openings (White,
1988: 63). The puparium is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Comments:
Uffen in Chandler (1978)
did not indicate whether his host records were British of Foreign
and therefore the associations are included under 'Host in Britain'
and 'Hosts elsewhere'.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Asteraceae |
|
|
|
|
Achillea |
ptarmica
|
Sneezewort |
 |
White,
1988: 63 |
Artemisia |
|
|
|
White,
1988: 63 |
?
Artemisia
|
|
|
|
Uffen
in Chandler, 1978: 222 |
Artemisia |
absinthium
|
Wormwood |
 |
British
leafminers |
Artemisia |
absinthium
|
Wormwood |
 |
Robbins,
1991: 119 |
Artemisia |
verlotiorum
|
Chinese
Mugwort |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Artemisia |
vulgaris
|
Mugwort |
 |
British
leafminers |
Artemisia |
vulgaris
|
Mugwort |
 |
Mines
in BMNH |
Artemisia |
vulgaris
|
Mugwort |
 |
Robbins,
1991: 118 |
Chrysanthemum |
|
|
|
Robbins,
1991: 116 |
Chrysanthemum |
|
|
|
White,
1988: 63 |
?
Eupatorium |
|
|
|
Uffen
in Chandler, 1978: 222 |
Eupatorium |
cannabinum
|
Hemp-agrimony |
 |
White,
1988: 63 |
Senecio |
|
|
|
White,
1988: 63 |
?
Senecio |
|
|
|
Uffen
in Chandler, 1978: 222 |
Tanacetum |
vulgare
|
Tansy |
 |
British
leafminers |
?
Tanacetum |
vulgare
|
Tansy |
 |
Uffen
in Chandler, 1978: 222 |
Tanacetum |
vulgare
|
Tansy |
 |
Robbins,
1991: 117 |
Tanacetum |
vulgare
|
Tansy |
 |
White,
1988: 63 |
Hosts elsewhere:
Asteraceae |
|
|
|
|
Achillea |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Achillea |
biserrata |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Achillea |
gnaphalioides |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Achillea |
moxa |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Achillea |
ptarmica |
Sneezewort |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
?
Artemisia
|
|
|
|
Uffen
in Chandler, 1978: 222 |
Artemisia |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
?
Artemisia |
absinthium
|
Wormwood |
 |
White,
1988: 63 |
Artemisia |
absinthium
|
Wormwood |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Artemisia |
vulgaris
|
Mugwort |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
?
Artemisia |
vulgaris
|
Mugwort |
 |
White,
1988: 63 |
Chrysanthemum |
indicum |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
? Eupatorium |
|
|
|
Uffen
in Chandler, 1978: 222 |
Leucanthemum |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
?
Leucanthemum |
vulgare
|
Oxeye
Daisy |
 |
White,
1988: 63 |
?
Senecio |
|
|
|
Uffen
in Chandler, 1978: 222 |
Senecio |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Senecio |
nemorensis |
Wood
Ragwort |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
?
Senecio |
vulgaris
|
Groundsel |
 |
White,
1988: 63 |
Tanacetum |
corymbosum |
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Tanacetum |
macrophyllum |
Rayed
Tansy |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
?
Tanacetum |
parthenium
|
Feverfew |
 |
White,
1988: 63 |
Tanacetum |
parthenium
|
Feverfew |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
?
Tanacetum |
vulgare
|
Tansy |
 |
Uffen
in Chandler, 1978: 222 |
Tanacetum |
vulgare
|
Tansy |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
?
Tanacetum |
vulgare
|
Tansy |
 |
White,
1988: 63 |
Time
of year - mines: September-October.
Time
of year - adults: ? June.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Throughout Britain, more common
in the north than in the south (White,
1988: 63) including Warwickshire (Packington) (Robbins,
1991: 119); Bedfordshire, Berkshire, Cambridgeshire, Cheshire, Denbighshire, Dorset, Durham, East Gloucestershire, East Sutherland, Glamorgan, Leicestershire, Mid-west Yorkshire, Monmouthshire, North Hampshire, Shropshire, South Hampshire, SouthLancashire, South-east Yorkshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Surrey,
West Lancashire and Westmorland
(NBN
Atlas).
Distribution
elsewhere: Throughout the Palaearctic Region, except the Mediterranean
and Middle Eastern areas (White,
1988: 63), including The Netherlands, Luxembourg (Bladmineerders van Europa) and Belgium (Leclercq
and de Bruyn, 1991). See also Pape & Beuk. See also Fauna Europaea.
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Achillea
ptarmica, Achillea
millefolium, Artemisia
absinthium, Artemisia
verlotiorum, Artemisia
vulgaris, Eupatorium
cannabinum, Leucanthemum
vulgare, ? Senecio
vulgaris, Tanacetum
macrophyllum, ? Tanacetum
parthenium,
Tanacetum vulgare |
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
|