Phytomyza
vitalbae Kaltenbach, 1872
[Diptera:
Agromyzidae]
Phytomyza
vitalbae Kaltenbach, 1872. Pflanzen-Feinde : 4
Phytomyza vitalbae Kaltenbach, 1872; Hendel, 1935. Fliegen
palaearkt. Reg. 6(2): 498
Phytomyza vitalbae Kaltenbach, 1872; Spencer, 1972b. Handbk
ident. Br. Ins. 10(5g): 70 (fig. 227), 73, 118
Phytomyza vitalbae Kaltenbach, 1872; Spencer, 1976. Fauna ent. Scand. 5(1): 525, figs 919-20.
Phytomyza vitalbae Kaltenbach, 1872; Spencer, 1990. Host
specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera) : 21, 32,
33, 190.
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Leaf-miner: A
long narrow upper surface mine. Pupation external (Spencer, 1972b: 70 (fig. 227), 73; Spencer,
1976: 525, 526 (fig. 920)).
Oviposition
in the leaf lower surface. After a short initial corridor of a few
mm length the larva makes an upper-surface corridor that mostly
begins with a dense knot in the leaf tip. Frass in long pearl chains
along the sides. In fresh material primary feeding lines are apparent.
Pupation outside the mine; exit slit in the lower epidermis. The
mine often causes the leaf to be malformed and wrinkled. Feeding
punctures in the lower surface (Bladmineerders van Europa).
The larva forms a long narrow upper surface mine. Most mines start close to the leaf tip. The larva exits through a slit. Pupation is external (British
leafminers).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
The larva is described by de Meijere (1926). The larva is illustrated in (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Puparium:
The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Pale brown; posterior spiracles each with an ellipse of 10 bulbs
(Spencer, 1976: 525). The puparium is illustrated in (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: June-September.
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in S.E. England,
also in S. Wales, Glamorgan (Gower peninsula) (Spencer, 1972b: 73), Hampshire (Noar Hill, Selbourne), Hertfordshire (British
leafminers), Warwickshire (Coventry) (Robbins,
1991: 26); Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, East Gloucestershire, Glamorgan, Leicestershire, Merionethshire, North Essex, North Somerset, Shropshire, South-west Yorkshire, West Gloucestershire and West Kent
(NBN
Atlas).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland: Co. Cork (Glengariff), Dublin
(Spencer, 1972b: 73) and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map). Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Belgium
(de Bruyn and von
Tschirnhaus, 1991), Denmark, Sweden (Spencer,
1976: 525), The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Germany (Spencer,
1976: 582), Corsica, Croatia, Czech Republic, Estonia, French
mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Poland, Romania, Spanish mainland,
Switzerland and Yugoslavia (Fauna Europaea).
Also
recorded in W. Australia (Spencer,
1990: 33). NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
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