Phytomyza
spondylii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851
[Diptera:
Agromyzidae]
Phytomyza
spondylii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851. Rev. Mag. Zool :
(2)3: 147
Phytomyza spondylii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851; Hendel, 1935.
Fliegen palaearkt. Reg. 6(2): 483
Phytomyza spondylii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851; Griffiths,
1973a. Quaestiones ent. 9: 222
Phytomyza spondylii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851; Spencer, 1972b. Handbk
ident. Br. Ins. 10(5g): 8, 71, 74 (fig. 248),
79, 81.
Phytomyza spondylii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851; Spencer, 1976.
Fauna ent. Scand. 5(1): 506-8, figs 884-6.
Phytomyza spondylii Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851; Spencer, 1990.
Host specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera)
: 160, 165, 167, 174 (figs 653-4), 175, 177.
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Leaf-miner: A
conspicuous, whitish linear mine. Pupation external (Spencer,
1976: 506, 507 (fig. 886)).
Long,
upper-surface, frequently branched, little widening corridor; sides
somehwat irregular. Often several mines in a leaf. Frass in grains
that are placed close together, rarely forming short pearl chains.
Pupation outside the mine, exit slit in lower epidermis. Sometime
the puparium sticks to the leaf. Feeding punctures in lower epidermis
(Bladmineerders van Europa as Phytomyza pastinacae / spondylii).
Larva forms a conspicuous, whitish linear mine. Larva leaves the mine through the lower surface and falls from the leaf on pupation (British
leafminers).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall. The larva of Phytomyza pastinacae / spondylii is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Shining black; posterior spiracles each with 16-26 bulbs (Spencer,
1976: 506). The puparium of Phytomyza pastinacae / spondylii is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.
Comments:
Spencer (1972b: 79) treated
pastinacae Hendel as a junior synonym of spondylii Robineau-Desvoidy,
although later he treated pastinacae as a distinct species
(Spencer, 1990: 175). Both
are recorded on Pastinaca and Heracleum in Europe
and currently can only be distinguished by the male genitalia. Records
on Astrantia in Britain
are based on samples from Botanical Gardens. Most British records
of both species require confirmation.
Host
records given in Bladmineerders van Europa include both Phytomyza pastinacae and Phytomyza
spondylii.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: May-November.
Time
of year - adults: June the following year.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread and common throughout
the British Isles (Spencer, 1972b: 79), Inner Hebrides (Isle of Coll) (Bland,
1992), Warwickshire (Longford) (Robbins,
1991: 67); Anglesey, Ayrshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, Denbighshire,
East Gloucestershire, East Kent, East Ross, East Sutherland, Easterness, Fife, Flintshire,
Glamorgan, Haddington, Isle of Wight, Leicestershire, Mid-west Yorkshire, Merionethshire, North Somerset, North-east Yorkshire, Outer Hebrides, Pembrokeshire, Shropshire, South Lancashire, South Somerset, South-east Yorkshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford,
Stirlingshire, Surrey, West Gloucestershire, West Norfolk and West Sutherland (NBN
Atlas).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Fauna Europaea) and National Biodiversity Data Centre Map). Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Belgium
(de Bruyn and von Tschirnhaus, 1991), Denmark, Finland, Norway,
Sweden (Spencer, 1976: 506),
The Netherlands (de Meijere, 1924), Luxembourg (Bladmineerders van Europa), Germany (Spencer,
1976: 578), ? Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Italian mainland,
Lithuania, Portuguese mainland, Romania, Spanish mainland and Switzerland
(Fauna Europaea).
Also
recorded in Canada and the U.S.A. (Spencer,
1976: 506). NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
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Chrysocharis
orbicularis (Nees, 1834) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
pentheus (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
viridis (Nees, 1934) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Diglyphus
isaea (Walker, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Pnigalio
soemius (Walker, 1839) |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Glyphognathus
convexus (Delucchi, 1953) |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Miscogaster
maculata Walker, 1833 |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Seladerma sabbas (Walker, 1848) |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Sphaeripalpus
fuscipes (Walker, 1833) |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
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Dacnusa
laevipectus Thomson, 1895 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Exotela
cyclogaster Förster, 1862 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Opius
pallipes Wesmael, 1835 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
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