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(Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera)
by
Brian Pitkin, Willem Ellis, Colin Plant and Rob Edmunds
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Phytomyza
marginella Fallén, 1823
[Diptera:
Agromyzidae]
Phytomyza
marginella Fallén, 1823b. Phytomyzides et Ochtidiae
Sveciae : 3
Phytomyza sonchi Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851. Rev. Mag.
Zool. (2)3: 400
Phytomyza sonchi Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851; Hendel, 1935.
Fliegen palaearkt. Reg. 6(2): 481
Phytomyza marginella Fallén, 1823b; Spencer, 1972b. Handbk
ident. Br. Ins. 10(5g): 76 (figs 250-1),
80, 114, 115
Phytomyza marginella Fallén, 1823b; Spencer, 1976.
Fauna ent. Scand. 5(1): 444-6, figs 779-80.
Phytomyza marginella Fallén, 1823b; Spencer, 1990.
Host specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera)
: 175, 259, 266 (fig. 1006), 267.
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Leaf-miner: Larva
mining both lower and upper surface, unusually long, linear, conspicuously
broad, frequently largely on the underside of the leaf. Pupation
external (Spencer, 1972b:
76 (fig. 251); Spencer, 1976:
445 (fig. 780), 446).
Corridor
mine. The first part consists of a very long and narrow lower-surface
corridor; the mine is quite shollow here, and often inconspicuous.
The second part is upper-surface, uusally much shorter, and widens
abruptly. Pupation outside the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
The larva is described by de Meijere (1937,
as sonchi) and Griffiths (1977).
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Black; posterior spiracles each with up to 30 bulbs (Spencer,
1976: 446).
Comments:
Leontodon autumnalis is
treated as Scorzoneroides autumnalis (Autumn Hawkbit) by
Stace (2010).
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Asteraceae |
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Crepis |
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Robbins,
1991: 124 |
Crepis |
vesicaria
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Beaked
Hawk's-beard |
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Mines
in BMNH |
Hieracium |
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Mines
in BMNH |
Hieracium |
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Robbins,
1991: 124 |
Hieracium |
sabaudum
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Robbins,
1989: 25, as perpropinquum |
Lapsana |
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Mines
in BMNH |
Lapsana |
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Robbins,
1991: 124 |
Lapsana |
communis
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Nipplewort |
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Mines
in BMNH |
Lapsana |
communis
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Nipplewort |
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Spencer, 1972b: 114 |
Picris |
sp. |
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Spencer, 1972b: 114 |
Picris |
echioides |
Bristly
Oxtongue |
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Mines in BMNH, as Picris |
Picris |
hieracioides
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Hawkweed
Oxtongue |
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Mines
in BMNH |
Pilosella |
officinarum |
Mouse-ear-hawkweed |
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Robbins,
1989: 25 (as Hieracium pilosella) |
Senecio |
aquaticus
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Marsh
Ragwort |
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Bland,
1992 |
Sonchus |
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Robbins,
1991: 124 |
Sonchus |
arvensis
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Perennial
Sow-thistle |
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Robbins,
1989: 25 |
Sonchus |
asper
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Prickly
Sow-thistle |
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Robbins,
1989: 25 |
Sonchus |
oleraceus
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Smooth
Sow-thistle |
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Mines
in BMNH |
Sonchus |
oleraceus
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Smooth
Sow-thistle |
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Spencer, 1972b: 115 |
Taraxacum |
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Robbins,
1991: 124 |
Taraxacum |
officinale
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Dandelion |
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Mines
in BMNH |
Taraxacum |
officinale
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Dandelion |
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Spencer, 1972b: 115 |
Hosts
elsewhere:
Asteraceae |
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