Leaf-miner: Mine
initially lower surface, but largely on upper surface, irregularly
linear, finally almost filling the petiole and ending at the base.
Pupation within the petiole (Spencer, 1972b: 84, 85 (fig. 275A)).
Several
eggs are deposited on the blade. From there narrow corridors descend
in the direction of the petiole. Once they have arrived there, the
larvae start making broad lobate corridors that fan out over the
basal half of the leaf. Later parts of the mine are party upper-surface,
partly interparenchymatous, looking pale green. In the shallow parts
primary feeding lines often visible. Frass in widely dispersed grains.
According to Buhr (1964a) older mines often turn black. Pupation
within the mine, often in the petiole. Puparium generally at the
lower surface; the anterior spiracles penetrate the epidermis (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Posterior spiracular process only slightly raised (Spencer, 1972b: 84). White (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Time
of year - mines: June.
Time
of year - adults: July.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Uncommon. Surrey (Box Hill)
(Spencer, 1963d: 1-2). Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Germany (Spencer,
1963d: 1-2; Spencer, 1990:
212), The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Czech Republic, Lithuania and Poland (Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
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