Phytomyza
crassiseta Zetterstedt, 1860
[Diptera:
Agromyzidae]
Phytomyza
crassiseta Zetterstedt, 1860. Dipt. Scand. 14:
6469
Phytomyza crassiseta Zetterstedt, 1860; Hendel, 1935. Fliegen
palaearkt. Reg. 6(2): 387
Phytomyza crassiseta Zetterstedt, 1860; Spencer, 1972b. Handbk
ident. Br. Ins. 10(5g): 71, 82, 83 (figs
270-1), 120
Phytomyza crassiseta Zetterstedt, 1860; Spencer, 1976.
Fauna ent. Scand. 5(1): 408, figs 713-5
Phytomyza crassiseta Zetterstedt, 1860; Spencer, 1990.
Host specialization in the World Agromyzidae (Diptera)
: 222, 224, 225 (figs 843-5).
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Leaf-miner: Mine
normally begins along margin of leaf, sometimes later developing
into a secondary blotch. Pupation takes place on the lower surface
of the leaf, with the anterior spiracles normally projecting through
the epidermis (Spencer, 1972b:
82, 83 (fig. 271).
Wide
upper-surface corridor. The first part closely follows the leaf
margin. Later the margin is released, often then the corridor is
so densely wound that a secondary blotch is formed. Finally a short
short stretch is made that ends in a lower-surface puparial chamber.
Frass in isolated grains or pearl chains (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Forms
a narrow mine which follows the leaf margin, then turns and forms
a secondary blotch. Pupation is in the mine (British
leafminers).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
The larva is described by de Meijere (1926
and 1941) and illustrated
in Bladmineerders van Europa ; posterior spiracles each with approx. 8 bulbs.
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
The puparium is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa. Slender, white or yellowish, with a conspicuous
dark band running centrally along the ventral surface (Spencer, 1972b: 82; Spencer, 1976:
408).
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: June-July, September-November.
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in Britain including Surrey
(Mickleham), Devon (Bolt Head), Huntingdonshire (Woodwalton Fen),
Cambridgeshire (Chippenham Fen), Dunbartonshire (Spencer, 1972b: 82), Warwickshire (Foleshill) (Robbins,
1991: 99); Cambridgeshire, East Ross, Edinburgh, North Somerset,
Pembrokeshire, South Devon, South-west Yorkshire and Surrey (NBN
Atlas).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland: Co. Clare (Burren), Co. Down
(Rostrevor Wood) and Co. Galway (Galway) (Spencer, 1972b: 82). Distribution
elsewhere: Common throughout much of Europe including Denmark,
Finland, Norway, Sweden (Spencer,
1976: 408); The Netherlands, Luxembourg (Bladmineerders van Europa), Germany (Spencer,
1976: 570), Belarus, Canary Is., Czech Republic, Estonia, French
mainland, Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland,
Romania and Spanish mainland (Fauna Europaea).
Also
present in the U.S.A. and Canada, almost certainly as an introduction
(Spencer, 1990). NBN Atlas links to known host species:
Veronica
agrestis, Veronica
anagallis-aquatica, Veronica
arvensis, Veronica
austriaca, Veronica
chamaedrys, Veronica
filiformis, Veronica
hederifolia, Veronica
longifolia, Veronica
persica, Veronica
montana, Veronica
officinalis, Veronica
scutellata, Veronica
spicata |
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
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Chrysocharis
orbicularis (Nees, 1834) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Chrysocharis
pubicornis (Zetterstedt, 1838) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Cyrtogaster
vulgaris Walker, 1833 |
Pteromalidae: Pteromalinae |
Seladerma
tarsale (Walker, 1833) |
Pteromalidae: Miscogastrinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Chorebus
alecto (Morley, 1924) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Chorebus
amasis (Nixon, 1945) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Dacnusa
maculipes Thomson, 1895 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Dacnusa
melicerta (Nixon, 1954) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Dacnusa
veronicae Griffiths, 1967 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Grammospila
rufiventris (Nees, 1812) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Opius
levis Wesmael, 1835 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Phaedrotoma exigua Wesmael, 1835 |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
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