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Leaf-miner: Larvae feeding communally, as many as six together, forming large blackish blotch (Spencer, 1972b: 77).

Large, greyish-brown, upper-surface blotch, mostly near the tip of a leaflet, without a preceding corridor. Primary feeding lines conspicuous. Several larvae share a mine. Pupation outside the mine. Exit slit in upper epidermis (Pakalniskis, 2004a) - see also Bladmineerders van Europa.

The mine is illustrated in British Leafminers.

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Dark brown, somewhat elongate (Spencer, 1972b: 77).

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Hosts elsewhere:

Ranunculaceae
Aconitum				Spencer, 1976: 366
Aconitum				Spencer, 1990: 21
Aconitum	carmichaellii			Bladmineerders van Europa
Aconitum	lycoctonum subsp. neapolitanum			Bladmineerders van Europa
Aconitum	napellus	Monkshood		Bladmineerders van Europa
Aconitum	variegatum			Bladmineerders van Europa
Consolida	ajacis	Larkspur		Bladmineerders van Europa
Delphinium				Spencer, 1976: 366
Delphinium				Spencer, 1990: 21
Delphinium	elatum			Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - mines: June-July.

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in gardens. London (Buckingham Palace Gardens), Surrey (Kew Gardens, Wisley RHS Gardens), Hampshire (Ringwood), Suffolk (Newmarket) (Spencer, 1972b: 77) and Warwickshire (Coventry) (Robbins, 1991: 26); Elgin, Glamorgan, Leicestershire and Surrey (NBN Atlas).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe, including Denmark, Sweden (Spencer, 1976: 366), The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Germany (Spencer, 1976: 566), Czech Republic, French mainland and Poland (Fauna Europaea).

Also recorded in the eastern U.S.A. and Canada (Quebec) (Spencer, 1976: 366).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: