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Leaf-miner: Blotch mine. Broad corridor, widening into a large transparant blotch with 1 or several, proportionally very large larvae that quickly completely mine out a leaf, then move to another leaf. At the start of the first mine at the leaf underside 1 or more oval egg shells. Pupation outside the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).

Forms large blotches on leaves (British leafminers).

Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.

The larva is illustrated in Bladmineerders van Europa.

Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).

Comments: Ackland in Chandler (1978) did not indicate whether his host records were British or Foreign and are therefore tentatively included under 'Hosts in Britain' and 'Hosts elsewhere'.

Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:

Polygonaceae
Convolvulus				British leafminers
Fallopia	baldschuanica	Russian-vine		Robbins, 1991: 69, as Fallopia auberti
Fallopia	baldschuanica	Russian-vine		British leafminers, as Fallopia auberti
? Fallopia	baldschuanica	Russian-vine		Ackland in Chandler, 1978: 228
Fallopia	baldschuanica	Russian-vine		Robbins, 1991: 69
? Fallopia	convolvulus	Black-bindweed		Ackland in Chandler, 1978: 228, as Polygonum convolvulus
Fallopia	convolvulus	Black-bindweed		Robbins, 1991: 69

Hosts elsewhere:

Polygonaceae
? Fallopia	baldschuanica	Russian-vine		Ackland in Chandler, 1978: 228
Fallopia	baldschuanica	Russian-vine		Bladmineerders van Europa
? Fallopia	convolvulus	Black-bindweed		Ackland in Chandler, 1978: 228, as Polygonum convolvulus
Fallopia	convolvulus	Black-bindweed		Bladmineerders van Europa
Fallopia	convolvulus	Black-bindweed		Griffiths, 1982, as Polygonum convolvulus
Fallopia	dumetorum	Copse-bindweed		Bladmineerders van Europa
? Persicaria				Bladmineerders van Europa

Time of year - mines: June-September.

Time of year - adults: Currently unknown.

Distribution in Great Britain and Ireland: Britain including Warwickshire (Coventry, Brownhill, Sutton Coldfield and Tile Hill) (Robbins, 1991: 69), Hampshire (Fleet) (British leafminers); Berkshire, Cambridgeshire, East Norfolk, North Hampshire, Oxfordshire, South Hampshire, South Lancashire, South-west Yorkshire, Surrey, West Gloucestershire and West Kent (NBN Atlas).

Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Belgium (Gosseries and Ackland, 1991), Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, French mainland, Germany, Hungary, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Russia - Central, Slovakia and Sweden (Michelsen in Fauna Europaea).

NBN Atlas links to known host species:

British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: