Leaf-miner: Shallow upper-surface mine that enters the blade from the petiole. Pupation internal, often in midrib or petiole (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Comments:
Irwin and Chandler in Chandler
(1978) did not indicate whether their host record was British or
Foreign and is therefore included under 'Hosts in Britain' and 'Hosts
elsewhere'.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: Currently unknown.
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Britain including Ayrshire,
Cambridgeshire, Derbyshire, East Suffolk, Glamorgan, Leicestershire, North Essex, North-east Yorkshire, Pembrokeshire, South Hampshire, South-west Yorkshire, West Norfolk, West Suffolk and Westmorland (NBN
Atlas). Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Austria,
Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Finland, French mainland,
Germany, Hungary, Italian mainland, Madeira, Norwegian mainland,
Poland, Sicily, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Sweden, Switzerland
and The Netherlands (Zatwarnicki, 2004 in Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
Chalcidoidea |
|
Chrysocharis
viridis (Nees, 1934) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Pediobius
metallicus (Nees, 1834) |
Eulophidae: Entedoninae |
Hemiptarsenus
fulvicollis Westwood, 1833 |
Eulophidae: Eulophinae |
Ichneumonoidea - Links to species no longer available |
|
Dacnusa
discolor (Förster, 1862) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Dacnusa
maculipes Thomson, 1895 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Dacnusa
plantaginis Griffiths, 1967 |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Exotela melanocera (Thomson, 1895) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Grammospila
rufiventris (Nees, 1812) |
Braconidae: Alysiinae |
Ademon decrescens (Nees, 1811) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
Phaedrotoma caesa (Haliday, 1837) |
Braconidae: Opiinae |
|