Leaf-
and stem-miner:
Mine predominantly in the leaves. The beginning of the mine is a
full depth corridor lying on the leaf margin, with or without large,
black frass grains. The larva goes through the stem, mines leaf
after leaf, hollowing these out (Hering, 1957).
The
larva mines a number of leaves, and bores in the stem segments inbetween.
Frass, as far as visible, in large black lumps. Pupation outside
the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Comments:
Ackland in Chandler (1978)
did not indicate whether his host record was British or Foreign
and is therefore included under 'Hosts in Britain' and 'Hosts elsewhere'.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines:
July (Hering, 1957).
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Recorded in Britain by Ackland
(1978) including Anglesey,
Ayrshire, East Ross, East Suffolk, East Sutherland, Easterness, Elgin, Glamorgan and West Norfolk (NBN
Atlas). Distribution elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Germany (Teschner,
1999), Denmark, Norwegian mainland, Poland and Russia - North
(Michelsen in Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
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