Tunneler:
The larvae of a number of species of Chironomidae
(non-biting midges) live in tunnels in decaying leaf sheaths under
water. Their tunnels are open at both ends, and the larvae feed
on particles they obtain from a water current they create in the
tunnels. They do not feed on tissues of their 'hostplant' and therefore
are not strictly miners (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Comments:
Cranston in Chandler, 1978
(1978) did not indicate whether his host records were British or
Foreign and are therefore tentatively included under 'Hosts in Britain'
and 'Hosts elsewhere', as is the record by Pitkin & Plant, which was previously assumed to be British.
UK
Hosts:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines: Currently unknown.
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
UK
Distribution: Recorded in Britain by Cranston (1978)
including Anglesey, Breconshire, Caernarvonshire, Cambridgeshire, East Kent, South Lancashire, South-west Yorkshire, West Lancashire and Westmorland (NBN
Atlas).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Saether and Spies, 2004 in Fauna Europaea). Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including Albania,
Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, French mainland,
Hungary, Italian mainland, Latvia, Macedonia, Norwegian mainland,
Poland, Portuguese mainland, Romania, Russia - Central, East, North
and Northeast, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spanish mainland, Sweden and
The Netherlands (Saether and Spies, 2004 in Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Currently unknown.
|