Leaf-miner: Large full depth blotch, covering the entire distal part of a pinnula.
The mine begins near the top, where an elliptic egg shell is attached
to the underside of the rachis. Larva solitary. The mine contains
much frass (Bladmineerders van Europa).
An upperside blotch at the tip of a pinna lobe (British
leafminers).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
The larva is described by de Meijere (1911, as Hylemyia cinerosa)
and illustrated in (Bladmineerders van Europa). The cephalopharyngeal skeleton with the upper process
shorter than the lower. Mouth hook with only one tooth.
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples). Described by Stork (1936a), as Pycnoglossa cinerosa) (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Comments:
Ackland in Chandler(1978)
did not indicate whether his host record was British or Foreign
and is therefore included under 'Hosts in Britain' and 'Hosts elsewhere'.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Aspleniaceae |
|
|
|
|
Asplenium |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Asplenium |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Blechnaceae |
|
|
|
|
Blechnum |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Blechnum |
spicant
|
Hard
Fern |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Dennstaedtiaceae |
|
|
|
|
?
Pteridium
|
|
|
|
Ackland
in Chandler, 1978: 227 |
Pteridium |
aquilinum
|
Bracken |
 |
Hering,
1957 |
Pteridium |
aquilinum
|
Bracken |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Dryopteridaceae |
|
|
|
|
Dryopteris |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Dryopteris |
filix-mas |
Male-fern |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Polystichum |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Polypodiaceae |
|
|
|
|
Polypodium |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Polypodium |
|
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Onocleaceae |
|
|
|
|
Matteuccia |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Matteuccia |
struthiopteris |
Ostrich
Feather Fern |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Osmundaceae |
|
|
|
|
Osmunda |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Osmunda |
regalis |
Royal
fern |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Woodsiaceae |
|
|
|
|
Athyrium |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Athyrium |
filix-femina
|
Lady-fern |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Cystopteris |
|
|
|
Hering,
1957 |
Cystopteris |
fragilis |
Brittle
Bladder-fern |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Time
of year - mines: June-October.
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread in Britain including
Devon, Gloucestershire, Worcestershire, Hampshire, Oxfordshire,
Sutherland, Perthshire, Inverness, Argyllshire, Ross and Cromarty, Elgin
(Mike Ackland, pers. comm.), Warwickshire (Allesley) (Robbins,
1991: 19-20); Anglesey, Berkshire, Breconshire, Buckinghamshire, Caernarvonshire, Cumberland, Derbyshire, Dorset, East Cornwall, East Kent, East Ross, East Sussex, Easterness, Glamorgan, Hertfordshire, Herefordshire, Main Argyll, Mid-west Yorkashire, Monmouthshire, North Ebudes, North Somerset,
North Wiltshire, Northamptonshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Shropshire, South Devon, South Hampshire,
South Lancashire, South-east Yorkshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Surrey, West Cornwall,
West Gloucestershire, West Kent, West Ross,
West Suffolk, West Sutherland, Westerness, Westmorland and Worcestershire (NBN
Atlas).
Also
recorded in the Republic of Ireland (Michelsen in Fauna Europaea). Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including The Netherlands
and Luxembourg (Bladmineerders van Europa), Austria, ? Corsica, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, French mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Italian mainland,
Lithuania, Norwegian mainland, Poland, Russia - East, Slovakia,
Spanish mainland, Sweden and Yugoslavia (Michelsen in Fauna Europaea).
Also
recorded in East Palaearctic and Near East (Michelsen in Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
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