Stem-miner:
Oviposition normally on one of the lower secondary pinnulae. The
larva enters a vein and from there descends as a borer in the rachis.
Often several larvae together. Attacked leaves can be recognised
because the leaf is stunted, often remaining partly unfolded. Pupation
in the mine or in the ground (Bladmineerders van Europa). See Brown and McGavin (1982)
for details of the biology.
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
Larva with upper process of cephalopharyngeal skeleton bifid (Bladmineereders van Europa).
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Comments:
Ackland in Chandler (1978)
did not indicate whether his host record was British or Foreign
and is therefore included under 'Hosts in Britain' and 'Hosts elsewhere'.
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts
elsewhere:
Time
of year - mines:
May-June (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread and not uncommon
(Mike Ackland, pers. comm.) including Berkshire, Breconshire,
Buckinghamshire, Cumberland, Dorset, East Kent, East Norfolk, Easterness, Elgin, Glamorgan, Herefordshire, Monmouthshire,
North Lincolnshire, North Wiltshire, Nottinghamshire, Oxfordshire, Shropshire, South Devon, South Hampshire, South-west Yorkshire, Stafford, Surrey, West Cornwall, Wesy Gloucestershire, West Kent, West Norfolk West Ross and West Suffolk (NBN
Atlas).
Distribution
elsewhere: Widespread in continental Europe including The Netherlands
(Bladmineerders van Europa), Corsica, Crete, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
French mainland, Germany, Greek mainland, Italian mainland, Norwegian
mainland, Poland, Romania, Russia - North, Sicily, Slovakia, Spanish
mainland, Sweden and Yugoslavia (Michelsen in Fauna Europaea).
Also
recorded in East Palaearctic, Near East, North Africa and Oriental
Region (Michelsen in Fauna Europaea).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere: Currently unknown.
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