Agromyza
ambigua Fallén, 1823a. Agromyzides Sveciae :
4
Phytomyza niveipennis Zetterstedt, 1848. Dipt. Scand.
7: 2742
Agromyza ambigua Fallén, 1823a; Spencer, 1972b. Handbk
ident. Br. Ins. 10(5g): 10, 30 (fig.78), 33, 124
Agromyza ambigua Fallén, 1823a; Spencer, 1976; Spencer, 1990. Host specialization in
the world Agromyzidae (Diptera) : 354, 356, 359, 361, 364.
|
Leaf-miner: Leaf-mine
normally short and broad (Spencer,
1976: 97). According to Hering (1957)
initially the larva does not feed towards the apex of the leaf.
Pupation external (Spencer, 1976:
97).
The
shallow, whtish mine starts (not very close to the base of the lamina)
as a fine ascending corridor. This is overrun when the direction
alternates, and the mine quickly widens. The final mine is characteristically
short; often not the full width of the leaf is used. Frass in big
black grains, never greenish. Pupation outside the mine (Bladmineerders van Europa).
Larva: The larvae of flies are leg-less maggots without a head capsule (see examples). They never have thoracic or abdominal legs. They do not have chewing mouthparts, although they do have a characteristic cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton (see examples), usually visible internally through the body wall.
Larval mandibles with three teeth; posterior spiracles each with
3 bulbs (Hering, 1953).
The mandible with two normal teeth, and a smaller additional basal one (Hering, 1953a). The girdles of fine spinulation along the anterior and posterior margins of the body segments normal, i.e., relatively narrow, nowhere fusing together (unlike in A. nigrociliata). Rear spiracula far apart, each with 3 bulbs. Behind the mandibles ventrally a median field with fine spines (character of the Agromyza ambigua group of Griffiths, 1963a).The larva is also illustrated by Beri (1971c), based on material from India, living on a Setaria species. However, he describes the left mandible as having 2, the right one 1 tooth, which makes it questionable if he had the European species in front of him (Bladmineerders van Europa)
Puparium: The puparia of flies are formed within the hardened last larval skin or puparium and as a result sheaths enclosing head appendages, wings and legs are not visible externally (see examples).
Yellowish-brown; posterior spiracles each with 3 bulbs, processes
widely separated (Spencer, 1976:
97).
Hosts in Great Britain and Ireland:
Hosts elsewhere:
Poaceae |
|
|
|
|
Avena |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 354 |
Avena |
sativa
|
Oat
|
|
Spencer,
1976: 97 |
Avena |
sativa
|
Oat
|
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Elytrigia |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 356, as Agropyron |
Hordeum |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 356 |
Hordeum |
murinum |
Wall
Barley |
 |
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Hordeum |
vulgare
|
Six-rowed
Barley |
|
Spencer,
1976: 97 |
Hordeum |
vulgare
|
Six-rowed
Barley |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Secale |
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 356 |
Secale |
cereale
|
Rye |
|
Spencer,
1976: 97 |
Secale |
cereale
|
Rye |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Triticum
|
|
|
|
Spencer,
1990: 356 |
Triticum
|
aestivum
|
Bread
Wheat |
|
Spencer,
1976: 97 |
Triticum
|
aestivum
|
Bread
Wheat |
|
Bladmineerders van Europa |
Time
of year - mines: July.
Time
of year - adults: Currently unknown.
Distribution
in Great Britain and Ireland: Widespread, but local - Kent
(Thames Marshes) (Spencer, 1972b:
33), Aberdour and Bonhill (Spencer,
1956) and Outer Hebrides (North Uist) (Bland,
1994b). Ayrshire (NBN
Atlas) Distribution
elsewhere: Common and Widespread in continental Europe (Spencer,
1990) including The Netherlands (Bladmineerders van Europa), Denmark, Sweden, Finland (Spencer,
1976: 97), Germany (Spencer,
1976: 546) Canary Is., Czech Republic, Hungary, Italian mainland,
Sicily, Slovakia, Spanish mainland, Switzerland and Yugoslavia (Fauna Europaea).
Also
recorded in Canada and America (Spencer,
1969a: 35; Spencer, 1990).
NBN Atlas links to known host species:
British and Irish Parasitoids in Britain and elsewhere:
|